Evaluation of the morpho-physiological traits and the genetic diversity of durum wheat’s salt tolerance induced by silver nanoparticles
Published 2023-12-31
Keywords
- Durum wheat,
- Genetic diversity,
- Salt tolerance,
- SCoT markers,
- Silver nanoparticles
- SRAP markers ...More
How to Cite
Copyright (c) 2023 Sara B.H. Awaly, Neama H. Osman, Hend M. Farag, Ibrahim H. Yacoub, Mohamed Mahmoud-Aly, Nagwa I. Elarabi Elarabi, Dalia S. Ahmed

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Abstract
Durum wheat is one of the most critical cereal crops in widespread cultivation and has high economic value worldwide. This study evaluated the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) on durum wheat's (Triticumturgidum var. durum) ability to tolerate salinity. Seeds were soaked with 0, 10, and 20 mg/l AgNPs for 20 hours. Afterward, seedlings were transplanted into the greenhouse, where their growth continued. Plant weight, fresh weight, dry weight, sodium, potassium, and chloride ion contents were measured. According to the findings, AgNPs dramatically enhanced plant fresh- and dry-weight and the ability of plants' salinity tolerance. Likewise, the impact of AgNPs on the higher plants was significant at P ≤ 0.05. Thirty-seven start codon-targeted (SCoT) primers and forty-two sequences related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) primers were employed to assess the genetic influence of AgNPs on wheat cultivars. The SCoT and SRAP analyses showed that 226 out of 393 and 241 out of 477 markers, respectively, were detected as polymorphic markers (57.50 % and 50.52 %) among the tested wheat cultivars. In addition, the polymorphism information content (PIC), marker index (MI), effective multiplex ratio (EMR), and resolving power (RP) parameters were computed to assess the effectiveness of the markers. Overall, this study demonstrates a prospective strategy for salt tolerance and replies to queries regarding the relationship between traditional agricultural methodology and the use of nanoparticles. Additionally, it dramatically helps achieve the objective of sustainable improvement for raising crop productivity through immensely safer and greener accessibility.
References
- Abd El-Moneim, D. (2019). Characterization of ISSR and SCoT Markers and TaWRKY Gene Expression in some Egyptian Wheat Genotypes under Drought Stress. Journal of Plant Production Sciences; Suez Canal University, 8 (1): 31-46.
- Abulela, H.A., El Shafee, E., Farag, H.M., Yacoub, I.H., & Elarabi, N.I. (2022). Evaluation of the morpho physiological traits and the genetic diversity of some Egyptian bread wheat cultivars under salt stress conditions. Cereal Research Communications https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-022-00263-4
- Acquaah, G. (2007). Principles of Plant Genetics and Breeding. 2nd Edn. Oxford: Blackwell, 740
- Akbarimoghaddam, H., Galavi, M., Ghanbari, A., &Panjehkeh, N.(2011). Salinity effects on seed germination and seedling growth of bread wheat cultivars. Trakia journal of Sciences, 9(1),43–50. http://www.uni-sz.bg
- Almeida, D.M., Oliveira, M.M.,&Saibo, N.J. (2017). Regulation of Na+ and K+ homeostasis in plants: Towards improved salt stress tolerance in crop plants. Genetics and Molecular Biology, 40:326–345.https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0106
- Aneja, B., Yadav, N.R., Chawla, V.,&Yadav, R.C. (2012). Sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) molecular marker system and its applications in crop improvement. Molecular Breeding 30, 1635–1648. https://doi. org/ 10. 1007/ s11032- 012–9747-2
- Atienzar, F.A., & Jha, A.N. (2006). The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and related techniques applied to genotoxicity and carcinogenesis studies: a critical review. Mutation Research, 613: 76-102. https://doi. org/ 10.1016/j.mrrev.2006.06.001
- Blaser, S.A., Scheringer, M., MacLeod, M.,&Hungerbuhler, K. (2008). Estimation of cumulative aquatic exposure and risk due to silver: contribution of nanofunctionalized plastics and textiles. Science of The Total Environment, 390,396–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.010
- Chesnokov, Y.U.V., &Artemyeva, A.M. (2015).Evaluation of the measure of polymorphism information of genetic diversity. Agricultural biology, 50(5),571–578.https://doi.org/10.15389/agrobiology.2015.5.571eng
- Collard, B.C., &Mackill, D.J. (2009). Start codon targeted (SCoT) polymorphism: a simple, novel DNA marker technique for generating gene targeted markers in plants. Plant Molecular Biology Report 27(1),86–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11105-008-0060-5
- Demidchik, V., Cuin, T.A., & Svistunenko, D. (2010). Arabidopsis K+ efflux conductance activated by hydroxyl radicals: Single-channel properties, genetic basis and involvement in stress-induced cell death. Journal Cell Science, 123,1468–1479.https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.064352
- EL Sabagh, A., Islam, M.S., Skalicky, M., Ali,Raza, M., Singh, K., Hossain M.A., Hossain, A., Mahboob, W., Iqbal, M.A., Ratnasekera, D.,&Singhal, R.K. (2021). Salinity stress in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the changing climate: Adaptation and management strategies. Frontiers in Agronomy, 3, 661932.
- Faizan, M., Bhat, J.A., Chen, C., Alyemeni, M.N., Wijaya, L., Ahmad, P.,& Yu, F. (2021). Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) induce salt tolerance by improving the antioxidant system and photosynthetic machinery in tomato. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 161,122–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.002
- Fouda, M.S., Hendawey, M.H., Hegazi, G.A., Sharada, H.M., El-Arabi, N.I., Attia, M.E., &Soliman, E.R.S. (2021). Nanoparticles induce genetic, biochemical, and ultrastructure variations in Salvadorapersica callus. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 19,27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-021-00124-3
- Francini, A.,&Sebastiani, L. (2019).Abiotic Stress Effects on Performance of Horticultural Crops. Horticulturae, 5(4),67.https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5040067
- Guo, D.L., Zhang, J.Y., Liu, & C.H. (2012).Genetic diversity in some grape varieties revealed by SCoT analyses. Molecular Biology Reports, 39, 5307–5313. https:// doi.org/ 10. 1007/ s11033- 011- 1329-6
- Harrower, M.,& Brewer, C.A.(2003). Colorbrewer.org: an online tool for selecting color schemes for maps. The Cartographic Journal, 40,7–37. https://doi.org/10.1179/000870403235002042
- Holsapple, M.P., Farland, W.H., Landry, T.D., Monteiro-Riviere, N.A., Carter J.M., Walker, N.J., &Thomas, K.V. (2005). Research strategies for safety evaluation of nanomaterials, part II: toxicological and safety evaluation of nanomaterials, current challenges and data needs. Toxicological Sciences 88,12–17.http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfi293
- Ismail, A.M., &Horie, T. (2017). Genomics, physiology, and molecular breeding approaches for improving salt tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 68, 405–434. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-042916-040936
- Jajarmi, B. (2012).Effect of drought stress on germination components of 7 wheat cultivars. Journal Agriculture Plant Breeding 8,183–192.
- Jhanzab, H.M.,Razzaq, A., Bibi, Y., Yasmeen, F., Yamaguchi, H., Hitachi, K., Tsuchida, K.,& Komatsu, S.(2019). Proteomic analysis of the effect of inorganic and organic chemicals on silver nanoparticles in wheat. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 20,825. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040825
- Kamran, M., Parveen, A., Ahmar, S., Malik, Z., Hussain, S., Chattha, M.S., Saleem, M.H., Adil, M., Heidari, P., &Chen, J.T. (2019).An overview of hazardous impacts of soil salinity in crops, tolerance mechanisms, and amelioration through selenium supplementation. International Journal Molecular Science, 21,148. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010148
- Kashyap, P. L., Xiang, X., & Heiden, P. (2015). Chitosan nanoparticle based delivery systems for sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 77: 36–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.039
- Li, G., & Quiros, C.F. (2001). Sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP), a new marker system based on a simple PCR reaction: Its application to mapping and gene tagging in Brassica. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 103,455–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220100570
- Maccaferri, M., Stefanelli, S., Rotondo, F., Tuberosa, R., & Sanguineti, M.C. (2007).Relationships among durum wheat accessions. I. Comparative analysis of SSR, AFLP, and phenotypic data. Genome 50(4),373–384.https://doi.org/10.1139/g06-151
- Mardi, M., Naghavi, M., Pirseyedi, S., Alamooti, M.K., Monfared,R.S., Ahkami, A., Omidbakhsh, M., Alavi, N., Salehi, S.P., &Katsiotis, A. (2011).Comparative assessment of SSAP, AFLP and SSR markers for evaluation of genetic diversity of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Journal Agriculture Science Technology, 13,905–920.
- Muchate, N.S., Nikalje, G.C., Rajurkar, N.S., Suprasanna, P., &Nikam, T.D. (2016). Plant salt stress: Adaptive responses, tolerance mechanism and bioengineering for salt tolerance. Botanical Review, 82, 371–406.
- Nejatzadeh, F. (2021).Effect of silver nanoparticles on salt tolerance of Saturejahortensis l. during in vitro and in vivo germination tests. Heliyon, 7, e05981. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05981
- Noman, M., Shahid, M., Ahmed, T., Tahir, M., Naqqash, T., Muhammad, S., Song, F., Abid, H.M.A., & Aslam, Z. (2020). Green copper nanoparticles from a native Klebsiella pneumonia strain alleviated oxidative stress impairment of wheat plants by reducing the chromium bioavailability and increasing the growth. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 192:110303. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110303
- Nosair H.R. (2020). Genetic diversity studies on seven Egyptian wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars using Scot and ISSR polymorphism markers Taeckholmia 4 0: 143 – 151. https://doi.org/ 10.21608/TAEC.2020.39905.1025
- Oliveira, H.R., Campana, M.G., Jones, H., Hunt, H.V., Leigh, F., Redhouse, D.I., Lister, D.L.,& Jones, M.K. (2012).Tetraploid wheat landraces in the Mediterranean basin: taxonomy, evolution and genetic diversity. PLoS One, 7,e37063.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037063
- Pakseresht, F., Talebi, R., & Karami, E. (2013). Comparative assessment of ISSR, DAMD and SCoT markers for evaluation of genetic diversity and conservation of landrace chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes collected from north-west of Iran. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 19(4):563-74. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s12298-013-0181-7.
- Patidar, A., Sharma, R., Kotu G.K., Kumar A., Ramakrishnan R.S., & Sharma S. (2022). SCoT markers assisted evaluation of genetic diversity in new plant type (npt) lines of rice. Bangladesh Botanical Society, 51(2): 335-341. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i2.60431
- Que, Y., Pan, Y., Lu, Y., Yang, C., Yang, Y., Huang, N., & Xu, L. (2014). Genetic analysis of diversity within a Chinese local sugarcane germplasm based on start codon targeted polymorphism. BioMed Research International, 2014,468375. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/468375.
- Reynolds, M.P., Ortiz-Monasterio, I.,& McNab, A. (2001). Application of physiology in wheat breeding. Cimmyt, Mexico iv, pp. 240.http://hdl.handle.net/10883/1248
- Rocco, L., Frenzilli, G., Zito, G., Archimandritis, A., Peluso, C., & Stingo, V. (2012). Genotoxic effects in fish induced by pharmacological agents present in the sewage of some Italian water- treatment plants. Environmental Toxicology, 27: 18-25. https://doi.org/10.1002/tox.20607
- Sharma, P., &Lew, T.T.S. (2022). Principles of nanoparticle design for genome editing in plants. Frontiers in Genome Editing, 11,1-8.https://doi.org/10.3389/fgeed.2022.846624
- Sneath, P.H.A., &Sokal, R.R. (1973). Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification. 1stEdn., Freeman, San Francisco. pp:573.https://doi.org/10.2307/3225339
- Snedecor, G.W., &Cochran, W.G. (1989). Statistical methods.8ed, Iowa State University Press, Ameshttps. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600074104
- Tarzi, A.S.M., &Fahimi, H. (2005). Effect of Salinity on Essential Oil Composition of Cumin in Plant and Tissue Culture, Cumin Articles, Technology, Production and Processing.Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.
- Tian, Y., Xing, C., Cao,Y.,Wang,C.,Guan, F., Li, R.,&Meng, F. (2015).Evaluation of genetic diversity on PrunusmiraKoehne by using ISSR and RAPD markers. Biotechnology Biotechnology Equipment, 29,1053–1061.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2015.1064780
- The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, Different Issues of Annual Reports (2000–2020). Available online: https://capmas.gov.eg/Pages/IndicatorsPage.aspx?page_id=6151&ind_id=2361 (accessed on 1 November 2022).
- Thor, K. (2019). Calcium—Nutrient and messenger. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 440.https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00440