Vol. 118 No. 1 (2024)
Research Papers

Rooting behavior of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) hardwood cuttings in relation to genotype and irrigation frequency

PDF
  • Kocher Omer Salih,
  • Aram Mohammed,
  • Jamal Mahamood Faraj,
  • Anwar Mohammed Raouf ,
  • Nawroz Abdul-Razzak Tahir
Kocher Omer Salih
Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Aram Mohammed
Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Jamal Mahamood Faraj
Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Anwar Mohammed Raouf
Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Nawroz Abdul-Razzak Tahir
Horticulture Department, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
DOI: https://doi.org/10.36253/jaeid-13837

Published 2024-06-28

Keywords

  • rooting percentage,
  • root number,
  • shoot length,
  • chlorophyll,
  • irrigation interval

How to Cite

Salih, K. O., Mohammed, A., Faraj, J. M., Raouf , A. M., & Tahir, N. A.-R. (2024). Rooting behavior of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) hardwood cuttings in relation to genotype and irrigation frequency. Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID), 118(1), 19–30. https://doi.org/10.36253/jaeid-13837

Copyright (c) 2024 Kocher Omer Salih, Aram Mohammed, Jamal Mahamood Faraj, Anwar Mohammed Raouf , Nawroz Abdul-Razzak Tahir

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

The study was conducted to determine the best irrigation frequency for rooting hardwood cuttings of some pomegranate genotypes that are cultivated in Halabja province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The hardwood cuttings were collected from 11 genotypes, which were 'Salakhani Trsh' (G1), 'Salakhani Mekhosh' (G2), 'Amriki' (G3), 'Twekl Sury Trsh' (G4), 'Twekl Astury Naw Spy' (G5), 'Hanara Sherina' (G6), 'Kawa Hanary Sherin' (G7), 'Kawa Hanary Trsh' (G8), 'Malesay Twekl Asture' (G9), 'Malesay Twekl Tank' (G10), and 'Sura Hanary Trsh' (G11). The genotypes were subjected to irrigation applications by 1-day, 2-day, 7-day, or 10-day frequencies. Among pomegranates, G11, G6, and G7 produced 95, 90, and 83% rooting percentages, which were significantly higher than the rest of other genotypes. The lowest rooting percentages (28, 36, 38, and 40%) were found in G1, G5, G3, and G10, respectively. The effect of irrigation frequencies on the genotypes confirmed that a 7-day frequency was the best irrigation frequency to achieve the maximum rooting percentages (93, 86, 80, 73, 53, and 40%) in G6, G9, G2, G4, G3, and G1, respectively. In contrast, the minimum rooting percentage (20%) was recorded in G3 with a 1-day frequency and in G1 with 10-day frequency. In this study, it was found that the cuttings of G11, G6, and G7 had the best ability to form roots, and irrigation with a 7-day frequency was the best for the cuttings of all the 11 pomegranate genotypes investigated.

PDF

References

  1. Adiba, A., Haddioui, A., Outghouliast, H., Hamdani, A., Mekaoui, A., & Charafi, J. (2022). Evaluation of cuttings ability of eighteen pomegranate cultivars from an ex-situ collection under influence of stem age and IBA treatment. Scientia Horticulturae, 304, 111281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111281 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111281
  2. Atak, A., & Yalçın, T. (2015). Effects of different applications on rooting of Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward' hardwood and softwood cuttings. Acta Horticulturae, 1096, 117-125. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1096.10 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1096.10
  3. Aytekin Polat, A., & Caliskan, O. (2009). Effect of indole butyric acid (IBA) on rooting of cutting in various pomegranate genotypes. Acta Horticulturae, 818, 187-192. 10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.818.27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2009.818.27
  4. Branislav, K., Savo, R., Dragana, M., Petar, I., & Marina, K. (2009). Early shoot and root growth dynamics as indicators for the survival of black poplar cuttings. New Forests, 38(2), 177-185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9138-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11056-009-9138-7
  5. Chandra, R., Sharma, J., & Jadhav, V. T. (2012). Propagation of quality planting material in pomegranate. In H. P. Singh, A. S. Sidhu, B. P. Singh, A. Krishnamoorthy, T. S. Aghora, N. Khandekar, L. Sahijram, N. Mohan, A. Rekha (Ed.), Quality seeds and planting material in Horticultural crops. New Delhi, India: IIHR
  6. Chater, J. M., Merhaut, D. J., Preece, J. E., & Blythe, E. K. (2017). Rooting and vegetative growth of hardwood cuttings of 12 pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 221, 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.04.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2017.04.025
  7. El-Shamy, S., & Farag, M. A. (2021). Novel trends in extraction and optimization methods of bioactives recovery from pomegranate fruit biowastes: Valorization purposes for industrial applications. Food chemistry, 365, 130465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130465 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130465
  8. Fulcher, A., LeBude, A. V., Owen, J. S., White, S. A., & Beeson, R. C. (2016). The next ten years: Strategic vision of water resources for nursery producers. HortTechnology, 26(2), 121-132. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.26.2.121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.26.2.121
  9. Geneve, R., Gates, R., Zolnier, S., Wilkerson, E., & Kester, S. (2004). Environmental control systems for mist propagation of cuttings. Acta Horticulturae, 630, 297-303. 10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.630.37 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.630.37
  10. Hejazi, Z., Safi, S.; Barakzai, A. L., Karimi, B. K., Quraishi, F. M., & Tetsumura, T. (2023). Cultivar effect on root development in pomegranate hardwood cuttings treated with auxin. Rhizosphere, 25, 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100661 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2022.100661
  11. Hunt, D. S., & McDonald, J. (2015). Automating irrigation scheduling in production nurseries using a weight-based irrigation controller. Acta Horticulturae, 1104, 49-56. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1104.8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1104.8
  12. Iniesta, F., Testi, L., Orgaz, F., & Villalobos, F. J. (2009). The effects of regulated and continuous deficit irrigation on the water use, growth and yield of olive trees. European Journal of Agronomy, 30(4), 258-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2008.12.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2008.12.004
  13. IPGRI. (2001). Regional report CWANA 1999–2000. International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome, Italy, pp. 20-28.
  14. Kahramanoglu, I., & Usanmaz, S. (2016). Pomegranate production and marketing. Boca Raton, USA: CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b20151 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/b20151
  15. Kemunto, D., Omuse, E. R.; Mfuti, D. K., Tamiru, A., Hailu, G., Rwiza, I., ... & Niassy, S. (2022). Effect of rabbit urine on the larval behavior, larval mortality, egg hatchability, adult emergence and oviposition preference of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith). Agriculture, 12(8), 1282. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081282 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12081282
  16. Khadivi, A., & Arab, M. (2021). Identification of the superior genotypes of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) using morphological and fruit characters. Food Science & Nutrition, 9(8), 4578-4588. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2450 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.2450
  17. Melgarejo, P., Martínez, J. J., Hernández, F., Legua, P., Melgarejo-Sánchez, P., & Martínez Font, R. (2012). The pomegranate tree in the world: its problems and uses. Options Méditerranéennes Série A: II International Symposium on the Pomegranate, 103, 11-26
  18. Owais, S. J. (2010). Rooting response of five pomegranate varieties to indole butyric acid concentration and cuttings age. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 13, 51–58. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2010.51.58 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2010.51.58
  19. Owen Jr, J. S., & Maynard, B. K. (2007). Environmental effects on stem-cuttings propagation: A brief review. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagators’ Society, 57, 558-564. http://admin.ipps.org/uploads/57_110.pdf
  20. Pourghorban, M., Khaghani, S., Azadi, P., Mirzakhani, A., & Changizi, M. (2019). Propagation of Rosa hybrida L. cv. Dolce Vita by stenting and stem cutting methods in response to different concentrations of IBA. Advance in Horticultural Science, 33(1), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.13128/ahs-22596
  21. Prabhuling, G., & Huchesh, H. (2018). In Vitro Regeneration in Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cv. Bhagwa using Double Nodal Segments. Research Journal of Biotechnology, 13(8), 1-10. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3080795
  22. Saroj, P. L., Awasthi, O. P., Bhargava, R., & Singh, U. V. (2008). Standardization of pomegranate propagation by cutting under mist system in hot arid region. Indian Journal of Horticulture, 65(1), 25-30
  23. Sarrou, E., Therios, I., & Dimassi-Theriou, K. (2014). Melatonin and other factors that promote rooting and sprouting of shoot cuttings in Punica granatum cv. Wonderful. Turkish Journal of Botany, 38(2), 293-301. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1302-55 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1302-55
  24. Singh, B., Singh, S., & Singh, G. (2011). Influence of planting time and IBA on rooting and growth of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) 'Ganesh' cuttings. Acta horticulturae, 890, 183-188. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.890.24 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2011.890.24
  25. Smith, R. E. (2014). Pomegranate Botany, Postharvest Treatment Biochemical Composition and Health Effects. Nova Science Publishers, USA
  26. Tsipouridis, C., & Thomidis, T. (2004). Improved rooting of peach rootstock GF677 hardwood stem cuttings through cultural practices. HortScience, 39(2), 333-334. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.2.333 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.39.2.333
  27. Yeboah, J., Lowor, S. T., Amoah, F. M., & Owusu-Ansah, F. (2011). Propagating structures and some factors that affect the rooting performance of shea (Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn.) stem cuttings. Agriculture and Biology Journal of north America, 2(2), 258-269. https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.2.258.269 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2011.2.2.258.269
  28. Zalesny, J., Hall, R. B., Bauer, E. O., & Riemenschneider, D. E. (2005). Soil temperature and precipitation affect the rooting ability of dormant hardwood cuttings of Populus. Silvae Genetica, 54, 47-58. https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2005-0009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/sg-2005-0009
  29. Zarie, A., Zamani, Z., & Sarkhosh, A. (2021). Biodiversity, germplasm resources and breeding methods. In A. Sarkhosh, A. M.Yavari, Z. Zamani (Ed.), The Pomegranate: Botany, Production and Uses (pp. 94-157). CABI, UK: Oxfordshire. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789240764.0094